NATO and the Warsaw pact free essay sample

However, this was not due to lack of trying as throughout the later part of the 20th century the two factions previously mentioned, characterized by the Warsaw pact and the acronym NATO respectively, were at each others throats in a tense, bloodless struggle that came to be known as he Cold War; a war during which no shots were fired, but was a thousandth more dangerous than any other conflict.This potentially catastrophic struggle for world domination was caused by diverse international factors, however, one of the largest of said factors was the division of the world into two camps; the NATO countries and the Warsaw pact nations, or, as George bush said it, the Cold War began with the division of Europe (1 which was what these two factions accomplished. What, then. Were the circumstances that surrounded the creation of these two entities and how exactly did they intricate to the tensions during the Cold War?These are the very questions that shall be examined in this essay, beginnin g with a brief explanation of the creation of the organizations referred to as NATO and the Warsaw Pact and the circumstances surrounding their creations. We will write a custom essay sample on NATO and the Warsaw pact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After World War II, the state of international diplomacy seemed bright: the major powers were allied together, Japan and Germany had been defeated, and all the soldiers could return home. With the USSR and the LOS as allies, it seemed that war was now a thing of the past. This soon changed, however, as East-West relations continued to deteriorate. Because they faced a common enemy in Hitler, the Grand Alliance became a marriage of necessity forged by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union (2) and with the war over the differences between the communism of the USSR and the capitalism of the IIS became more and more apparent. What followed was a serious set of political faux pas and incidents that served to confound East-West relations in the postwar world.Two major incidents that set the stage for the coming rivalry were the Czechoslovakian crisis and the Berlin Blockade. The Czechoslovakian crisis refers to the Soviet coup that occurred in the state of Czechoslovakia in 1 948 where the leaders of the government were deposed and pro-Soviet leaders were appointed. This resulted in the American Senate (voting).. .. To extend the Marshall Plan (, which was a plan of economic aid to the hope of preventing communist success elsewhere (3). The Berlin blockade was far more serious as it involved the Soviets Imposing) a blockade on all road and rail traffic into the former national capital (4) of West Berlin, which was under allied control. These two incidents, and other similar ones, forged an atmosphere of growing distrust and set the world long the road to the Cold War and the formation of NATO and the Warsaw pact. NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was a military alliance between what became the western bloc countries against the perceived threat of the USSR and communism.The original countries, which included Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United States, who was essentially the dominate member, signed the North Atlantic Treaty on April 4, 1 949 which pledged them to protect one another in the event of a war with the USSR. Since most of these nations were generally on the same side, if you will, during World War II, NATO was, in many respects, a continuation of wartime alliances into a new era during which the previously allied countries thought that they were threatened by a new threat.This threat was Russia, now the USSR. At the end of World War II, Soviet Russia was basking in its victory of Nazi Germany and though the war left Russia with 1700 towns, 70000 villages, 80000 miles of railroad, and 800 bridges destroyed (5), Russia was launching another of its five year plans for economic and industrial cover and appeared to be one of the major powers of the postwar world. Also, the USSR had successfully set up several puppet regimes in Eastern Europe, which were referred to as satellite states of the USSR, in such countries as Albania and Czechoslovakia. The US began to see these acquisitions with fear since the key geopolitical problem has long been considered the alignment of Europe, because imbalances in that alignment have touched off TTY. To wars in this century (6). Thus, to counter the growing influence of the USSR, the US pushed for an alliance between the remaining free nations of Europe and North America. With this step, the NATO powers began a policy that the West called. Containment (7), which was essentially a policy of matching the USSR Step for Step to maintain a world peace.Though this policy, in effect, maintained a semblance of world peace and prosperity, the true feeling in the international arena of politics at the time was one of suspicion, tension and fear. What the creation of NATO really began was half a century of political struggle between the two major blocs of the world; the NATO countries, and the countries of the soon to be formed Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw pact became the soviet response to the formation of NATO-Generally speaking, the Warsaw Pact was a treaty between 7 eastern European countries, namely Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Russia (LESS) which stipulated the member countries obligation of mutual defense in regards to one another in the event Of a war between them and the Western bloc nations. Like NATO, the Warsaw Pact would have its dominant member, and this member was clearl y Russia as she had installed puppet communist regimes in all of these nations prior to the signing of the Warsaw Pact.In fact, Soviet troops already occupied most f the regions defined by the Warsaw Pact nations, and thus the signing (of the pact) is interpreted as simply a De cure recognition of the existing state of affairs (8). However, it did serve some purpose, as the end of the Austrian Treaty threatened troop placements in Eastern Europe, which was previously done under the pretense of guarding lines of communication, as it terminated the agreement through which Russia had previously stationed troops in this area. Thus, one of the most important stipulation of the Warsaw Pact was the ability of Russia to occupy the member countries of the WarsawPact in the name of self defense and the defense of the other member states. This, in effect, insured Russians dominance in the region. Finally, the act can also be seen as the result of the presence of and outside threat and the need for a Soviet sponsored security system to deal with it (9). The final result of this pact, though, beyond the immediate military implications for Eastern Europe, was to create a counterpart for NATO; a foe towards which the hostility of nearly fifty years would be directed. The world had again been divided into two camps, and it then looked like war Was again possible.

The Final Steps Into The Ordinary Essays - Same-sex Sexuality

The Final Steps Into The Ordinary Essays - Same-sex Sexuality The Final Steps Into The Ordinary marcus Snell English 101 1:00-1:50 11/6/00 The Final Steps Into The Ordinary Its hard sometimes to put your finger on the tipping point of tolerance. Its not usually the Thurgood Marshalls and the Sally Rides, the big headlines and the major stories. Its in the small incremental ways the world stops seeing differences as threateningAnd its finally happening for gay men and lesbians. Theyre becoming ordinary. In the September issue of Newsweek magazine Ann Quindlen wrote an article entitled The Right To Be Ordinary. In this article Quindlen addresses the issue of gays and lesbians becoming a part of every day life. The article states that even though there is still a lot of discrimination in our country; being gay or lesbian over the years has become more widely accepted. The author effectively argues this point by her use of anecdotes, her tone, and by ?. Quindlen successfully uses anecdotes to show readers how gay men and lesbians are becoming more commonplace. She builds her credibility by use actual anecdotes that have really occurred and have been reported in many newspapers. On incident that she reported was the Supreme Courts decision that the Boy Scouts had a right to keep out gay scoutmasters. This seems like a setback but it was actually a blessing in disguise. Even though the gay scoutmaster lost his trial, it was the Scouting officials that really took the beating. Men who had been Eagle Scouts for years began to send back their badges. The United Way would no longer support them and took away their funding. Cities and states soon prohibited the Boy Scouts from using public facilities. All this the Boy Scouts lost because of one little act of intolerance for a fellow human being. An additional example would be that during the summer in Vermont, nearly 500 gay and lesbian couples were united in civil unions. Even if these unions were only a second-class type of marriage, it still meant something to the individuals. Unlike how many religious leaders have felt, nothing awful occurred because of these marriages The sky did not fall. The earth did not split in two. Happy families and happy friends watched happy people pledge their love. Anna Quindlens tone made the editorial both successful and unsuccessful in relaying the point of her thesis. In writing her editorial, Quindlen used a somewhat humorous and aggravated tone. Her humorous tone was shown strongest when she was talking about Dr. Laura Schlessinger and about the Biblical text. To quote Quindlen about a letter written to Schlessinger, It thanks the conservative radio talk-show host, who has a loyal following of people who apparently were not yelled at enough as children and are trying to find someone to make up for it, for educating people regarding Gods law on homosexuality. Quindlen also addressed a few questions that the Bible had raised in her mind. The Bible states that slaves may be bought from neighboring nations. She was confused because a friend had told her that this stood for Mexicans but not Canadians. Another passage tells her that she is morally obligated to put her neighbor to death because he works on the Sabbath day. Last of all, she talks of how her friend told her that eating shellfish is an abomination (again according to the Bible) but a lesser abomination that homosexuality. Quindlen disagrees with this statement, along with the ones before it, and would like some clarification. This humorous tone kept the editorial entertaining and gave a different perspective on how to view what the Bible has to say exactly. A hint of aggravation could also be heard coming through to the reader. Sign of aggravation were ineffective in conveying her thesis. Anna Quindlens aggravation illustrated that even with all the progress the human race has made, with accepting differences; we still have a long way to go. Some of the strongest feelings of irritation are present near the end of the editorial. There are still too many gay bias murders, too, and too many committed by young men who feel threatened by the very notion of homosexuality. Thats one of the saddest things about the decision by the Boy Scouts, that they send a

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease Mr Henderson has arrived in hospital after a history of falls at home and has just commenced a new medication regime. It is very possible that he may be anxious, worried, frightened as a result of falling at home which also may result in loss of confidence. He may also be apprehensive about his new medication regime. Having been diagnosed with Parkinson’s for 5 years, he more than likely knowns the importance of getting his medications on time, in reducing the symptoms allowing him to maximise his independence. However, it is not for the nurse to presume this and she/he must sit down, talk to him, allowing him time to talk and express his worried and anxieties. This was help to establish a relationship and Mr Henderson will understand that you are there to support him throughout his journal of care. The nurse should also make sure that all members of the multidisciplinary team are aware of Mr Henderson’s condition and if they are not aware of the importance of getting medication on time out with ‘normal’ drug rounds then they should be informed of its importance and understand the significant consequences resulting from not getting the drugs on time such as reduced independence and prolonged hospital stay. As medications are a large part in maximising independence and mobility and it may be suggested that Mr Henderson receives his medications before getting out of bed in the morning. This will allow time for the drugs to work and therefore enabling him to get out of bed more easily. ‘Freezing’, a symptom of Parkinson’s’ disease can be distressing for patients. It affects gait initiation, turning and moving through small spaces, such a doors and busy areas. Anxiety can exacerbate freezing and it is vital that the nurse can firstly recognise anxiety, this may be achieve through effective communication and listening skills and secondly developing strategies to reduce anxiety levels such as allowing him time to talk, listening and taking on board his expressions allowing for a trusting relationship to be developed, helping him to build in confidence and preparing him psychologically for going home. Various strategies have been suggested to assist with ‘freezing’. Alexander, Fawcett and Runicnan (2006) suggest cognitive techniques in breaking down movement. They suggest breaking down the task of getting out of bed in the morning and describe that patients should bend their knees so that feet are flat on the mattress and they the patient should swing knees in the direction that he wants to turn. The next stage involves clasping both hands and lifting them straight up, straightening the elbows, then turning the head and swinging the arms in the same direction as the legs. Finally the patient can grip the edge of the mattress and adjust his position until comfortable. When Mr Henderson is mobilising then it is important that he does not have any distractions and the nurse or othe r members of staff should not disturb or interrupt if at all possible as this could lead to ‘freezing’. The Parkinson’s Disease Society describe cueing strategies as external meaning visual, auditory or preprioceptive or internal meaning cognitive.

COSTS OF PRODUCTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

COSTS OF PRODUCTION - Essay Example To understand the concept indivisibility of some factor inputs, we can look at some examples from the Tropical Smoothie cafà ©. Some of the indivisible inputs include the business idea, entrepreneurial skills, and the skills of individual workers among others. In this  case, it is  clear that not all inputs all divisible. Therefore, the indivisible inputs should be utilized efficiently to avoid wastage. There exist several characteristics or features of a competitive market structure. For instance, there are no barriers to entry in the market. In this regard, firms are free to penetrate or exit the market on their own pleasure. As a result, there are many small firms that serve the entire market such that no firm has sufficient power to control the market (Dwivedi, 2006). Therefore, the price of commodities in such a market are determined by the forces of demand and supply. In essence, the firms have to set prices that are in line with the existing market price. Generally, it can be argued  that the firms in such a market are price takers. Van & Camesasca (2001) state that a perfectively competitive firm offers identical products to that of competitors. In this regard, the consumers can switch from one firm to the other since all products are close substitutes. Actually, the products serve the same customers’ needs and wants and, therefore, firms are forced to devise unique means of surviving the competition. In essence, the homogeneity of products in perfectively competitive markets creates a cut-throat contest among the firms in the competition. Perfectly competitive firms operate with resources that are easily transferable from one industry to another. In essence, the firms are flexible to changes and, therefore, can fit in more than one industry. Studies have shown that most perfectly competitive firms do not operate in one industry for their entire life of

Public Perceptions and Mentality of the Society Essay

Public Perceptions and Mentality of the Society - Essay Example In Australia, the high-profile attacks of Indians in this country have become an international event and a highly sensationalized issue. In Sydney as well as in Melbourne, Indian students have been bashed and attacked due to their race and nationality. Most of the alleged perpetrators are youths or young adults. Many of the Indians attacked are foreign students coming to Australia to study and benefit from the higher education available in this country. It is estimated that foreign students studying in Australia account for more than $13 billion annually to the economy and Indian students comprise the second largest foreign student body. Higher education is Australia’s third largest export earner, ahead of wool, wheat, copper, tourism and even gold. Importantly, government figures estimate that fully 17.8% of all foreign students in Australia are Indian-born. International students represent the 3rd most lucrative export for this country and Australia can ill afford to lose th e international students who come here each and every year to pursue their studies. Recently, the Indian government has threatened to put out a travel advisory out against Australia thus restricting the flow of Indian students to this country. The high profile bashings raise many important questions for the general public, questions which increase in voracity around the national holiday, Australia Day. Is Australia a racist society? Can we deal with the ramifications of a multicultural society in the twenty-first century? These questions and much more are raised when high profile attacks by young people make headlines around the world (Marginson, 2006; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008; (Soutphommasane, 2010).

The Stereotypical Marshall of the West :: American History Essays

The Stereotypical Marshall of the West The west was a rough and rugged era that needed taming. It was a time of outlaws, gunfights, and cowboys. Some sort of order had to be enforced so that the west could become a productive safe place for everyone. The best way for that to happen was to bring in law enforcement. Someone to be in charge and make things run smoothly. Matt Dillon from the show Gunsmoke was the answer to this problem. He brought balance to the west. Dillon was the Marshall to the city of Dodge. He had all of the characteristics that a Marshall would need to possess in order to keep a city like Dodge to run without too many problems. Dillon was so good at what he did because he was cautious, caring, and honorable. One of the most important characteristics of a lawman back in the western days was to be cautious. Without caution one could get oneself in a lot of trouble. Matt Dillon made sure to show caution in everything he did. He portrayed that in all of his episodes of Gunsmoke. In the episode Crack Up he had to show a large amount of caution. Matt Dillon was faced with an outlaw. A man who was hired specifically to kill people. Marshall Dillon had a few run-ins with the man before he found out the outlaw was after him. Dillon made sure he knew were the outlaw was at all times and personally kept a close watch on him. Being cautious ended up saving his life. The episode ended with a gunfight between Dillon and the outlaw. Matt already new what was going to happen and was prepared for the event because he had been cautious and made sure he new the where a bouts of the outlaw. While being cautious Marshall Dillon had a soft side to him. As the lawman of the area he had to show a tough exterior but inside he was a caring guy. In the episode Kitty Lost Ms. Kitty disappears and no one knows were she has gone. After finding out that she had not shown u for any of her appointments that day Marshall Dillon went out looking for her with his partner Chester. When they found her Dillon did not get mad at her for disappearing but just made sure she was okay and did not ask a lot of questions about what had happened.

Sakura: Cherry Blossoms

Warfare Introduction to World Music October 19, 2009 â€Å"Sakura Sakura† ( ), Who is the voice of sakura in japanese? † Chie Nakamura † Sakura ( ) is the name of a traditional Japanese folk song depicting spring, the season of sakura. Contrary to popular belief, the song did not originate from ancient times (as in, not from the Heian period or prior). It was first composed during the Edo period for children learning to play the koto. Originally, the lyrics â€Å"Blooming cherry blossoms† were attached to the melody. The song has been popular since the Meiji period, and the lyrics in their present form were attached then. It is often sung in international settings as a song representative of Japan. Throughout the ages there have been many rearrangements of the song, but Michio Miyagi's rendition is often regarded to be the best of them all. The cherry blossom is Japan's national flower and has for years appeared in the country's poetry, paintings, and music, as well as on its craft, clothing, and other commercial items. From January through June each year, there are numerous cherry blossom festivals held throughout Japan. Not surprisingly, there is even this popular traditional song, Sakura, Sakura (Cherry Blossom, Cherry Blossom), commonly sung to celebrate the national flower. Its melody and text date back nearly to Medieval times, and the song has been popular in Japan since at least the eighteenth century. The melody is simple and well-known to Westerners from various commercial incarnations, even if they recognize it only as some generic far Eastern tune. But it is hardly generic-sounding. The melody is charming in its sweet melancholy and forlorn sense of innocence. Its rising, opening phrases lead to a gentle but lovely fall, after which sonorities remain mired in lower ranges until the theme is heard again. The text is just as simple, speaking of the fragrance of cherry blossoms and likening their appearance to clouds. Those with an interest in Eastern and far Eastern ethnic music will find this song of strong appeal. ‘Dream of the Cherry Blossoms' by Keiko Abe, a Japanese virtuoso percussionist, is a 5 minute long piece for marimba based on an mprovisation on the tune of ‘Sakura sakura', and has become one of the most played pieces in the marimba repertoire. Also, Yukijiro Yokoh, a Japanese classical guitarist made an arrangement for the instrument. Which is, like Keiko Abe's version, a theme with variations in which he uses different guitar techniques to imitate the sound of the Koto. There are four main kinds of Japanese folk songs (min'yo): work song s, religious songs (such as sato kagura, a form of Shintoist music), songs used for gatherings such as weddings, funerals, and festivals (matsuri, especially Obon), and children's songs (warabe uta). In min'yo, singers are typically accompanied by the 3 stringed lute known as the shamisen, taiko drums, and a bamboo flute called shakuhachi. Other instruments that could accompany are a transverse flute known as the shinobue, a bell known as kane, a hand drum called the tsuzumi, and/or a 13 stringed zither known as the koto. In Okinawa, the main instrument is the sanshin. These are traditional Japanese instruments, but modern instrumentation, such as electric guitars and synthesizers is, also used in this day and age, when enka singers cover traditional min'yo songs (Enka being a Japanese music genre all its own†¦ . Terms often heard when speaking about min'yo are ondo, bushi, bon uta, and komori uta. An ondo generally describes any folk song with a distinctive swung 2/2 time rhythm. The typical folk song heard at Obon festival dances will most likely be an ondo. A bushi is a song with a distinctive rhythm. In fact, its very name means â€Å"rhythm† or â€Å"time,† and describes the ostinato pattern played throughout the song. Bon uta, as the name describes, are songs for Obon, the lantern festival of the dead. Komori uta are children's lullabies. Many of these songs include extra stress on certain syllables, as well as pitched shouts (kakegoe). Kakegoe are generally shouts of cheer, but in min'yo they are often included as parts of choruses. There are many kakegoe, though they vary from region to region. In Okinawa Min'yo, for example, one will hear the common â€Å"ha iya sasa! † In mainland Japan, however, one will be more likely to hear â€Å"a yoisho! ,† â€Å"sate! ,† or â€Å"a sore! † Others are â€Å"a donto koi! † and â€Å"dokoisho! † A guild-based system exists for min'yo; it is called iemoto. Education is passed on in a family, and long apprenticeships are common. On a more personal note this melodies of the Sakura if heard as an instrumental or with lyrics has a profound conjunction of sound for my neural map. The distinct harp, flute, and viola sound is extremley intense for one who has the intrest in a variation of melody this is def inatley the one piece you must listen to. I absolutley loved it.