Monday, December 30, 2019

Witness by Peter Weir Notes - 12043 Words

NOTES ON MODULE B, WITNESS BY PETER WEIR, 1985 Introduction: * Engage in a detailed analysis of a text * Understanding of how the ideas, forms and language of a text interact within the text and may affect those responding to it. * Students will need an understanding of film techniques and of the police drama genre. Important aspects to know: * Visual techniquesenhance understanding of characters * Editing techniquescreate suspense, establish characters, create atmosphere, position viewers to respond in a particular way * Narrative structureplot points and conventions of story telling * Mise en scene elementsconvey directors purpose * Themestolerance; good and evil; isolation; nature of love; conflict;†¦show more content†¦then I have done a bad job† Sound: * Diegeticsound within the actual scene e.g. the image of waves and you hear waves crashing on the sand. * Non-diegeticmusic used to create moods or affects such as background music. Setting: * Witness is an American film made in 1985 by Australian filmmaker Peter Weir. * Filmed entirely on location in Lancaster county and Philadelphia, Witness popularized Pennsylvania as a tourist location, many people wanting to view first-hand, the Amish culture. * The film gives the audience a chance to compare two different levels of American society, the culture and the world of the modern city and the culture and world of the Amish. * In writing about Witness, Marie Saeli states that the film hoes that the ‘two cultures meet, but never merge.† It is this contrast of the two worlds, conveyed to the audience mainly in visual terms that is one of the most important and memorable aspects for the spectator. * Amish Is established as peaceful and idyllic. Plot: * Set in 1984, Lancaster, Philadelphia * Amish members Rachel and Samuel Lapp are visiting the city after the death of her husband. * Samuel goes to the bathroom by himself and witnesses the murder of a policeman. * As he is a witness, he is needed to stay with the police in the city to help the investigation, forcing the conservative family out of theirShow MoreRelatedPeter Weir, Witness Essay Closing Sequence814 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the central concerns and themes of Witness and how various film techniques are used to in closing scenes of the movie. Witness is a Hollywood film that was directed by Peter Weir in 1985. It’s a story about an Amish boy who witnesses a murder on his trip to the big city. Weir in the closing scenes is able to show through different themes, various techniques of sound, camera and lighting to correspond the Amish community, their connection to the land and disconnection from society. TheRead MoreEssay on Mateship in Australian Films5134 Words   |  21 Pagessignificantly diminished the opportunity for women to fend for themselves or even earn an independent income. By and large, the continuing emphasis placed on mateship as it has been seen in the gold rushes and the union periods bears witness to the fact that mateship did serve men well in the past by organizing the mates for their common good. Yet, the intolerance and the exclusion of the other render the idea narrow and restricted. The World Wars -------------- Read MoreDescribe How to Establish Respectful Professional Relationships with Adults52870 Words   |  212 Pages............................... 114 Appendix II THE FUNDING BODIES Appendix 111 116 MEETINGS ............................................. Appendix IV THE JCT AND THE CCSJC ....................................... 120 Appendix V NOTE BY THE CIC: AN ANALYSIS OF ACTION IN RELATION TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE â€Å"CROSSING BOUNDARIES ’ REPORT (At 15 April 1994) 1 .............................................. 123 Appendix VI TEXT OF THE ClPS PROPOSAL FOR â€Å"Construction Sourcing† Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesfield that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Is Autism A Serious Neurological Disorder - 862 Words

I was going to start my speech by making a ‘sick’ autistic joke, but I decided not to since the subject of my speech, my autistic seven year old sister, Eva, does not have a great sense of humor and will find it unfunny. ‘Entertaining’ her with the world’s greatest comedians like, Dave Chappelle, Robin Williams and Chris Rock, will only be fruitful I want to illicit a flustered and perturbed reaction. That was meant to be a joke, and I want some pretend laughter. If you’re wondering, â€Å"Is she allowed to make autistic jokes?† the answer is yes, because I have an autistic sister. No, I’m just joking; no one is allowed to make autistic jokes. Even though I may make occasional jokes, it is because the textbook said to make jokes, and I want Wonder Woman Walker to give me an A. Side note, please give me an A, Dr. Walker. Autism is a serious neurological disorder that has the potential of dramatically changing the lives of the famil y and friends of the patient. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of complex neurodevelopment disorders, characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. I’d like to capitalize on a word from the definition, ‘repetitive.’ One cannot simply talk about my youngest sister, Eva, without making mention of her ‘annoying’ repetitive and monotonous behavior; even her diets are monotonous. EveryShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1261 Words   |  6 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)  is a serious  disorder  which affects the child’s neurological and behavior functions and may cause different levels of disability. Autism is a regressive neurodevelopment disorder that impacts social interactions, verbal and nonverbal, as well as negative behaviors. It is a disorder that is connected to abnormal bi ology and chemistry within the brain. Also, autism appears within the first three years of life. A child can seem developmentally normal and meeting all milestonesRead MoreMutations in Genomes740 Words   |  3 PagesMutations can occur in any genome, some are good and some are bad. Addition and deletions of certain parts of a gene cause a wide range of disorders in certain organisms. These mutations are called copy number variations (CNVs). For purposes already stated, when one looks into how CNVs create neurological disorders, one must understand that any change in a genome will produce an effect. It can positively affect the organism or negatively affect it, and there are certain genomes that if changed willRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1453 Words   |  6 PagesAutism is known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and it’s a neurological disorder that affects children at an early age, even at 2 years old. The misconceptions and controversies about the illness have caused a lot of backlash and hate towards the healthcare industry, especially doctors. Over the years, many people have believed and still currently think that vaccinations cause Autism. However, many tests and reports have been analyzed and studied through numerous scientists and they have concludedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesAutism is a neurological disorder with many forms and severities, better known as autism spectrum disorder, that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout the individual’s life. Autism spectrum disorder is defined as developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges (CDC). Previously, autism was recognized in distinct groups and types. Now, autism is referred to as a spectrum because there is an overlap among all the different forms of autismRead MoreRelationship Between Gmos And The Autism1676 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the genetically modified organism foods and numerous neurological health conditions, research was conducted to determine the relationship between GMOs and the autism. Theoretical associations and risks used to exist before they prompted the researchers to find empirical research of the association. For example, Smith quotes Arden Anderson, MD, Ph.D., MPH, stating that it appears there is a direct correlation between GMOs and autism. Physician Jennifer Armstrong is also quoted admitting thatRead More Children With Autism Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesChildren With Autism Children with autism have the possibility to improve greatly, and some even overcome the effects of autism if appropriate therapies are begun early enough. A multifaceted disorder, autism has long baffled professionals and parents alike. At a point in time, doctors gave parents absolutely no hope for the recovery of their children. But recently, new treatments and therapies have shown that improvement is possible. With early intervention, intensiveRead MoreCause and Effect of Autism852 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Autism Hundreds of kids are being diagnosed with Autism (a developmental disorder) every year. A number of possible causes of Autism have been suspected but not proven which involve, diet, digestive tract changes, mercury poisoning, the body’s inability to properly use vitamins and minerals, and vaccine sensitivity. Genetic factors are of importance because identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins or other siblings to both have Autism. Autism appears within the firstRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Autism Essay2146 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Autism is very frustrating when compared to a lot of diseases for the simple fact that it is so confounding as far as its appearance. As a neurological disease, there are so many different kinds of it, and there is so much that goes into the arrival of the disease. Some forms of autism feature sufferers that have an innate talent for a given skill, and others simply act as if they’re comatose. Among all afflictions that exist, few are as frustrating as autism. There are varying formsRead MoreNotes On Autism Spectrum Disorder1656 Words   |  7 PagesChludil Personal Special Education Teaching Philosophy Paper TE 434: Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder David Rose 4/15/2016 What are the historical theories, who are the major contributors, and what are the relevant federal laws underlying the field of ASD? The historical theories that are in the field of ASD all originated with Leo Kanner. His work was started in 1943 where he identified â€Å"autism† using common descriptions. The descriptions lead to a certain criterion that was thenRead MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Autism? Autism also specified as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, ASD, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Childhood Autism (ICD-10), Autistic Disorder (DSM-IV), Atypical Autism (ICD-10), PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome†¨(ICD- 10)/Asperger Disorder (DSM-IV), is a series of developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction, as well as difficulties in nonverbal interactions and behavioral challenges. From the early 1900s, autism has been

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Angry Men Free Essays

Although the movie has a well written plot and moral, it is very tedious and uneventful because of its setting, situation, and pace. In a Jury room with twelve men with ranging personalities, eleven men want the Jury to be over as soon as possible so that they can continue on with their lives. The protagonist, Juror 8, sets out to change the presumed idea that the boy Is culpable and forces the careless eleven Jurors to discuss the evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Angry Men or any similar topic only for you Order Now All twelve men have their own situation and knowledge that ties in with evidences, and numerous hours have been spent for the helve angry Jurors to finally agree that the boy Is not guilty. The entire film, having a running time of 96 minutes, took over one continuous period of time and in one place, the Jury room, which made It uneventful and dull. The movie was also extremely slow. Even though the twelve characters of the film intensely fought for and against their opinion, the result was predictable. The moral of the film, that the society Is like a flock of sheep, Is agreeable to the general public today. The movie says a lot about human nature and character. Each of the twelve Jurors Is forced to make Individual decisions, stating their own rationale and prompt thoughts, Instead of Individuals being dominated by various people In a group. When each juror slowly changes his mind, others followed, one after another. This demonstrates that the society Is Like a flock of sheep, where people are too easily Influenced or led to following others In the flock. In other words, It shows that even the smallest things can affect our decisions (one against many). Also, even If this film might have been popular at the time It was released, (having an overall rate of 9 out of 10, also awarded and nominated for numerous awards) It Is too dated to be popular today. Movie genres such as action and science fiction are becoming favored today, as opposed to classic movies In the past. In my pollen, despite the well written plot and moral, the film was still tedious and uneventful because of Its setting, situation, and pace. The pace of the movie Is very slow, also taking place In one continuous location. Although It Is time consuming, 12 Angry Men rigorously sets out to solve the conflict ND clearly points out whether the boy who killed his father Is guilty or not. The moral of the story, that society Is Like a flock of sheep, expresses how society Is appears. 2 Angry Men By Yemeni out to change the presumed idea that the boy is culpable and forces the careless twelve angry Jurors to finally agree that the boy is not guilty. Of time and in one place, the Jury room, which made it uneventful and dull. The of the film, that the society is like a flock of sheep, is agreeable to the general public The movie says a lot about human nature and character. Each of the twelve Jurors is forced to make individual decisions, stating their own rationale and prompt thoughts, inst ead of individuals being dominated by various people in a group. When each that the society is like a flock of sheep, where people are too easily influenced or led to following others in the flock. In other words, it shows that even the smallest things can affect our decisions (one against many). Also, even if this film might have been popular at the time it was released, (having an overall rate of 9 out of 10, also warded and nominated for numerous awards) it is too dated to be popular today. Opposed to classic movies in the past. In my opinion, despite the well written plot and moral, the film was still tedious and uneventful because of its setting, situation, and pace. The pace of the movie is very slow, also taking place in one continuous location. Although it is time consuming, 12 Angry Men rigorously sets out to solve the conflict and clearly points out whether the boy who killed his father is guilty or not. The moral of the story, that society is like a flock of sheep, expresses how society is How to cite Angry Men, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Management Theory Of Ford and KFC Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory Of Ford and KFC. Answer: Taylors Scientific Management Theory The theory ofscientific management was initiated by Fredrick W. Taylor. Thismanagement theory is applied for ascertaining the organizational workflow effectively. The main objective related toscientific management is to increase the economic efficiency of the organization and raise its labor productivity (Gafiyatullina et al 2015). In the recent times, this theory is mostly applicable in the firms, where repetitive tasks are practiced. It helps in managing the employees to achieve the business goals more effectively by implementing the theories. The theory is well-defined set of rules needed by the managers and leaders to control the entity. Taylor theory was first incorporated due to Henry Ford for his automobiles industry, Fords. The principles helped in achieving the desired target as the rate of productivity of the workers increased. Benefits: Pay system: Taylors scientific theory followed piece work pay method for the employees. It helped in providing increased wages to the workers with higher outcome and productivity. The incentive plans through piece wage system provides maximum satisfaction to the employees (Kapur 2016). Enhanced production: this scientific theory leads to improved and enhanced production required for the business operations improvement (Powers 2014). This also led to harmonious and cordial relationship between employees and the leaders. Quick Decision-making: Taylorsmanagement theory facilitates effective and quick decision making process for the organization. Efficient use of resources: the scientific theory provides adequate utilization of resources. Moreover, increases the standards of the organization through technological developments. Limitations: Time consuming: This theory is very time consuming as the theory when adopted by the organization requires enough time for improved standardization and specialization within the organization (Meyers and van Woerkom 2014). Huge capital requirements: the scientific theory is very costly moreover excess capital is required for standardization as well as training of the workers in the organization. Negligible bargaining: this approach practices piece work system for payment, hence the chances of bargaining is low or negligible. Organization that adopted the theory: The reputed automobile industry, Ford adopted the theory that led to the growth of the organization. The change in the techniques or process in the assembly line facilitated the company in generating cars very quickly and at an affordable price. The change in the process of assembly line through management principles of Taylors resulted in increased market demand for Fords automobile industry. Moreover, this theory was first implied by Ford and leads to gain recognition and approval all over the world (Ford.com. 2018). In the current times, the factories managers also consider the significance of welfare of the factory employees. This has resulted in strengthening the workers relationship in the factory. Furthermore, this also has led to increase in team spirit and reliance among the employees for achieving the common goal. Ford applies scientific management theory by solving the organizational issues by its rue of thumbs. Evaluation: The scientific theory practices piece rate system, which enforces the employees to perform their assigned task under unnecessary pressure. This leads to the exploitation of workers to complete their tasks more fast (Ranjan 2017). Moreover, Taylor has laid more emphasis in differentiating the planning process of its organization from their actions. It is advised that the managers should plan more effectively by making realistic plan for their organizations. Fayols Administrative Management Theory This management theory was developed by Henry Fayol and this management model describes the organizational interactions with its personnel. In the recent times, the business organization regards Henry Fayol's classical theory as a vital guide that is responsible for the proper guidance and management of the organization and its staff. Fayols management theory consists of its 14 major principles that involve organizing, coordinating, planning and controlling. Benefits: This theory is highly comprehensive administrative theory that relates to the efficient management techniques. It helps in raising the efficiency and productivity within the business structure. The main managerial function includes authority, discipline, centralization, division f work and equity. Moreover, Fayols management theory facilitates major emphasis on the controlling and management techniques through monitoring, forecasting and controlling. This management theory ensures high success of an organization. Limitations: In the recent times, it would be highly unwise to generalize the situations especially for new and high- technology companies. As it become quite difficult to deal with the changes according to their competitors products and services. This theory fails to recognize the employees needs and wants that is unrelated to the organization. It assumes that the best and effective measure to know the performance of its organization is through the workers productivity (Gnanamkonda 2015). Moreover, this theory is still related to humans and it is quiet natural for the individuals to commit mistakes to create unity that is related to management team. Organization that adopted the theory: KFC, one of the leading fast food restaurants in the world follows this Fayols principle of management. KFC changed its organizational structuring after practicing Fayols principles of management to increase its efficiency (Kfc.com 2018). The command and control from the higher authority as per Fayols theory is made to ensure employees tasks are efficiently performed. Proper monitoring helps the organization to provide feedback that brings changes that is required for better and effective applications in future. Fayols principles are followed by KFC and major relevance is given to the employees opinion that leads to increase in the confidence level of the workers. As per the Fayols principles of management, both responsibility and authority are two sides of a same coin. KFC effectively implements the principles in the organization through authority. Moreover, the employees are responsible towards their assigned duties. Evaluation: The organization practicing the Fayols management theory fails to emphasize the labor productivity rate. As, KFCs labor turnover rate is increasing gradually affecting its growth in the long-run. The major values related to Fayols principles should also be a significant stabilizing force related to modern workplace (Samuel, Found and Williams 2015). Moreover, major emphasis of the KFC employees is given on individual interest rather than the general interest of the company. Due to the increase in globalization, the organizations nowadays are more prone to instability and uncertainties (Bird and Mendenhall 2016). It is important for the organization to follow an effective management theory. References: Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M.E., 2016. From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.115-126. Ford.com 2018.Ford New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Crossovers Hybrids | Vehicles Built Just for You | Ford.com. [online] Ford.com. Available at: https://www.ford.com/ [Accessed 14 Feb. 2018]. Gafiyatullina, A.Z., Nikonova, T.V., Vagin, S.G., Kharisova, R.R., Pavlova, E.I., Khayrutdinov, R.R. and Ishmuradova, I.I., 2015. Organization of controlling the intellectual potential of company personnel.Review of European Studies,7(4), p.13. Gnanamkonda, V., 2015. Cases in Marketing Management.South Asian Journal of Management,22(4), p.204. Kapur, R., 2016. Managerial functions and job satisfaction within an organization.International Journal of Information, Business and Management,8(4), p.317. Kfc.com 2018.KFC: Finger Lickin Good. [online] KFC: Finger Lickin Good. Available at: https://www.kfc.com/ [Accessed 14 Feb. 2018]. Meyers, M.C. and van Woerkom, M., 2014. The influence of underlying philosophies on talent management: Theory, implications for practice, and research agenda.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.192-203. Powers, E.L., 2014. Innovating our thinking about management: A new model.SAM Advanced Management Journal,79(1), p.40. Ranjan, P., 2017. Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour.Journal of HR, Organizational Behaviour Entrepreneurship Development,1(1), pp.8-12. Samuel, D., Found, P. and Williams, S.J., 2015. How did the publication of the book The Machine That Changed The World change management thinking? Exploring 25 years of lean literature.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(10), pp.1386-1407.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

British Airwayss Environment free essay sample

British Airways (BA) is the UK’s largest international scheduled airline, operating international and domestic scheduled and charter air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the provision of ancillary services. The airline flies to over 550 destinations globally and is considered to be a leader in the industry. In order to profitably satisfy customer needs, an organisation must understand its external and internal situation including the customer, the market and its own capabilities. Furthermore, it needs to understand and adapt to the dynamic and uncontrollable factors of the environment in which it operates. 2005 saw a new Chief Executive being appointed in BA; Willie Walsh, former head of Aer Lingus. The man with an excellent reputation for driving down costs has stressed his determination to realise his predecessors, Sir Rod Erdington’s, goal of a 10% operating margin. 2. 0External Analysis 2. 1 Micro Environment 2. 1. 1 Market Analysis The first thing that needs to be done is to identify which market BA operate in to be able to carryout an accurate analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on British Airwayss Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page BA operates in the airline industry. Their main market is hence transportation but they also work in other areas such as communication, leisure and logistics. During the last 10 years the airline industry in the UK has changed out of almost all recognition. Today, according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the airline industry is going through ‘the worst crisis in history’ (BBC, 2006) British Airways operates within the highly competitive airline market. The UK market for airlines grew by 1. % since 2003 to reach a value of ? 8. 7 billion in 2004. The number of passengers flying from UK airports alone has increased from 70 million in 2000, to 86 million. The development of a fifth terminal at London Heathrow testifies this growth. However, against this expanding consumer market, the airline industry continues to struggle with the continuous threat of terrorism, high fuel prices and increased competition. The two main sectors of the market are long-haul and short-haul, both of which BA operate in. The airline sector is more competitive today than it has been at any time in the past, providing consumers with more choice and cheaper fares than ever before due to the emergence of low-cost airlines British Airways operates within two strategic groups within the airline sector – the short-haul and the long-haul. Each of these sectors has different competitors (see fig 1). One group consists of airlines with regional operations offering scheduled flights and competing on costs. The second group offer long haul flights, with quality environments and services to a range of destinations. Therefore, BA competes on a global, European, national and regional scale. Within the UK, BA is the largest carrier in the market accounting for 45. 1% of passengers in 2004 (Euro monitor) with Virgin Atlantic being the second largest carrier in the market with 9. 2% market share. It is also likely that long-haul licenses will be granted to low-cost airlines which will enable them to compete in both strategic groups increasing its influence on BA’s strategy (see appendix 6). In Europe, the UK’s EasyJet and Ryanair were the pioneers of budget airline travel. Their initial business model was based upon offering low fares through outstanding cost management. Lufthansa’s change in strategy will have direct affect on BA as they continue to attract customers for their high quality standards. Another strategy that seems to be emerging amongst traditional carriers is to reduce fares in order to become more competitive with the low-cost airlines. New planes, new routes, additional flights and management changes are all factors that impinge a business. Such changes made by a competitor need constant monitoring in order for BA to examine its current position and develop future strategies. 2. 2 Macro Environmental (PEST Analysis) 2. 2. 1 Political and Legal Factors The start of the millennium is turning out to be some of the most difficult times that the airline industry has ever faced. The events of terrorism attacks in September 11, 2001 in New York and July 7, 2005 in London along with the wars in Iraq have no doubt caused an unprecedented crisis and political instability. The events have caused the introduction of new security regulations from the EU and US that come into effect in summer 2006 and a fall in customer travelling confidence. Governments have controlled where airlines can fly, and aspects of their product planning and pricing policies. In recent years, substantial regulatory reform has taken place, giving carriers more opportunity and increasing the market competition. Deregulated companies like BA require systems that enable decisions to be made quickly open skies is an agreement which changes the regulatory landscapes significantly (appendix 1). A significant legal factor affecting BA is the power of trade Unions. BA has suffered many strike actions (August 2004 and August 2005) and is aware of the implications that the trade unions can cause. Legal regulations on employee rights, customer rights and an upsurge in environmental and ecological issues are more factors that BA must consider. 2. 2. 2 Economic Factors The demand for air travel is characterised by a very high income elasticity. Therefore, as the world economy grows, so the demand for air travel can be expected to increase too. The political situation in Iraq has helped to drive oil prices to a record high and for BA, the oil price rise might add ? 100 million to their costs. In response, the cost of fuel surcharges is always at risk (appendix 2). BA is in the business of transporting people to and from worldwide destinations for both business and pleasure. If the international economy slows down, business trades less and fewer business people will use planes. Equally, people may choose less exciting holidays. 2. 2. 3 Social Factors The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country however it is important that such factors are considered and include demographic and cultural aspects. These factors affect customer needs and the size of potential markets. Demographic changes have resulted in the development of the ‘grey’ market who are spending more on leisure and travelling. Lifestyles, tastes and fashions are all changing; customers require opportunities to visit new and interesting, often long-haul, and destinations. 2. 2. 4 Technological Factors Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalisation. A key issue will be the extent to which technological advancements can offset upward pressures on prices and costs. Online sales are regarded highly important by BA and they are placing considerable faith in its website presence to boost online-sales which will reduce customer traffic via BA’s call centres. E-Tickets are now the standard ticket format used by BA, making flight ticketing more straightforward, flexible and secure.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Essay about value allignment

Essay about value allignment Essay about value allignment Discuss with your Learning Team an existing organization with which you are familiar that is different than the one you used for the Conceptualizing a Business paper. Write a 700 to 1,050-word paper in which you analyze the individual values and the organization’s values as reflected by the organization’s plans and actions. Include the following in your paper: Analyze the origin(s) and subsequent evolution of your personal and workplace values. Explain how your individual values drive your actions and behaviors, and analyze the alignment between your values and actions and behaviors. Analyze the degree of alignment between the organization’s stated values and the organization’s actual plans and actions. Explain the differences and analyze the degree of alignment between your values and the organization’s values as reflected by the organization’s plans and actions. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Learning Team Evaluation will be due at the end of each week (weeks 2-4). Objectives 3.1 Develop strategic objectives. 3.2 Create organizational objectives and goals. EOW3 N/A Readings Read Ch. 7 of Strategic Management. Read Ch. 4 of Strategy: Winning in the Marketplace. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. EOW3 N/A Participation Participate in class discussion. When participating with Discussion Questions in the MAIN forum, please remember to contribute at least 2 substantive answers 4 out of the 7 days of the week in order to get full credit for participation that week within the DQ’s. 4 out of 7 days by EOW3 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Please look at MAIN forum for this week’s DQ’s. DQ1 – Day 3 DQ2 – Day 5 1 per DQ Individual Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis Conduct an internal and external environmental analysis for your proposed business. Create a SWOTT table summarizing your findings. Your environmental analysis should take into account, at a minimum, the following factors. For each factor, identify the one primary strength, weakness, opportunity, threat, and trend, and include it in your table. External forces and trends considerations: o Legal and regulatory o Global o Economic o Technological o Innovation o Social o Environmental o Competitive analysis Internal forces and trends considerations: o Strategy o Structures o Processes and systems o Resources o Goals o Strategic capabilities o Culture o Technologies o Innovations o Intellectual property o Leadership Write a 1,400 to 1,750-word synopsis in which you analyze at least seven of the forces and trends from the list above. Your analysis must include the following: Include economic as well as legal and regulatory forces and trends. Critique how well the organization adapts to change. Analyze the supply chain operations of the organization. Identify issues and/or opportunities: o Identify the major issues and/or opportunities that the company faces based on your analysis above. o Generate a hypothesis surrounding each issue and research questions to use for conducting analysis. o Identify the circumstances surrounding each issue; classify the circumstances; attribute the importance of each classification; and test the accuracy of the importance for each classification. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Day 7 10 Learning Team Functional Area Interrelationships Select one organization of the Virtual Organizations from the student website. Write a 1,400 to 2,100-word paper in which you complete the following: State the primary reasons for the organization’s existence from an analysis of the mission, vision, values, and goals. Analyze the reason for the type of organizational structure employed by the organization, and identify the key positions that support that organizational structure. Identify and explain the steps of the collaboration process among the

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Design Test Rig Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Design Test Rig - Coursework Example In some cases, test rigs are designed depending on the equipment to be tested. One example of a commercial test rig is the Crash Test Rig designed and fabricated by JK Controls Limited. The apparatus comprises of a trolley that hauls the sample being tested. The trolley, which moves along a track by rotating rubber cords, is stopped abruptly by applying a decelerating force using a solid beam (JK Controls Limited, n.d). The test rig facilitates the determination of the required braking force of equipment, which is dependent on the weight of the equipment, braking materials and the speed. Another example of a commercial test rig is the Aircraft Wing Brake Test Rig designed and fabricated by JK Controls Limited. The rig tests the braking system of an aircraft by subjecting a rotating shaft (of a prototype) to a brake that is electrically operated. The shaft, which rotates at 1500 rpm, has to be halted by the brake within 40ms (JK Controls Limited n.d). The test rig being designed will operate on the same basic principle, the application of a braking force to a rotating disk to prevent it from rotating. At equilibrium state, the braking beam will be in contact with the surface of the disk (stationary). The contact action will be achieved through a locking mechanism. Once the operator applies a force on the braking beam, at the contact patch, the braking beam retracts from the disk, which allows the disk to rotate. The test rig will be used for determining braking force required to stop a rotating disk within a given time. Therefore, the applied force will be used to disengage the braking system to allow the disk to rotate. Once the operator withdraws this force, the braking system will be engaged. The basic operation principle of the test rig is similar to the Crash Test Rig and the Aircraft Wing Brake Test Rig presented above. However, the rig will contain several other components that will work together to achieve the ultimate goal, braking action. Concept

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Impact of Markets and the Division of Labour on Social Cohesion Essay

The Impact of Markets and the Division of Labour on Social Cohesion - Essay Example This paper seeks to find out if markets and the division of labour encourage or discourage social cohesion. Impacts A market can be described as a destination for goods or services intended for sale. This market is composed of customers who are people that are willing and able to purchase the goods or services that are being sold. Social cohesion refers to the ability of people to articulate or embrace each other and co-exist peacefully (Council of Europe 67). It also refers to the ability of various groups of people to hold firmly together consistently. Scholars have revealed that markets and division of labour have had a substantial impact on social cohesion in the current society. Division of labour has led to the separation of markets and employment through the differentiation and separation of production processes (Furze, Savy, Brym & Lie 55). Instead of producing similar goods and services, the various labourers in the market are sub-divided and allowed to deal with the various specialties of the production processes so as to meet the various market demands. An example of this is a shift from mixed farming to either crop or animal production as separate production lines or dividing the entire work of an organization into different work units, each dealing with a specific task. This shift in the production processes seemingly separates people from coming together and engaging in the production process as a larger group. In a manufacturing industry for example, the work units will be organized around the skill requirements for the various steps of production and marketing like product production, packaging, IT management, sales and marketing, customer relations among others. This gives the impression that division of labour discourages social cohesion. However, a closer look on the mechanisms of division of labour reveals it encourages social cohesion both local and globally through the development of the need to exchange and which in turn brings people tog ether (Council of Europe 117). This is to say that division of labour encourages the need for trade. One country could choose to specialize in producing and supplying a given product basing on their natural and capital, for example oil and gas. On the same note, another country will produce tyres and apparel. Such a situation definitely generates some form of dependency in which case the two countries need each other. The one producing oil and gas needs tyres and apparel and the one producing apparel and tyres needs oil and gas. This gives a picture of the processes of imports and exports that is seen in today’s society. In other words, division of labour defines the lines of production and this means that no person will produce all that they need in life. This creates some deficiencies of the products that a person does not produce and thus the need to obtain it from others. After an examination of division of labour, Smith (25) concluded that unlike the savage or the ancien t man, the modern man/woman is highly dependent on the labour of others to satisfy his/her full range of wants. This structure of satisfying human wants has resulted to the need to focus attention to the importance of exchange and therefore the need for increased human interactions both locally and globally. Through international exchanges like imports and exports, people across the globe have been able to come together, interact and co-exist

Monday, November 18, 2019

Advertising and its affects on children Research Paper

Advertising and its affects on children - Research Paper Example ising is an important tool for making the organisation successful as advertising creates awareness to the consumers that a certain product and service exists in the market. The effects of advertising can be both positive and negative. It basically depends on the individual as to what extent has the advertising message been interpreted. The old generation may know how to perceive the messages of advertising but some young people, especially children may have affects of advertising in a negative way. Children are immature and they don’t know what is right or wrong for them. Some advertisements may have highly negative impacts on the children. The advertising company focuses on making the advertisements attractive so the people become attracted towards the products or service but children may be affected negatively. It is difficult for parents to avoid their children from viewing the advertisements that are run on television. Parents may have to work upon monitoring their children very carefully while the watch TV and this can be a very difficult thing to do as to take out time for this is also difficult for parents. The advertising process allows the children to gain knowledge about the different types of products that are available in the market especially the various technological innovations taking place in the products. Play stations, X-Box and other such types of games are of high concern to children and they get to know more about this through the advertising channels. Also the different types of products, that is for children come into their knowledge through advertising. Chocolates, and other such food products, children tooth pastes and shampoos etc are all of high interest to the children. These products are used by the children on a daily basis and their importance and positive effects are usually demonstrated in the advertisements. The other positive affect of advertising is that the advertisements are made so attractive that it convinces the

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Role of External Auditors in Accounting

The Role of External Auditors in Accounting Introduction Auditor liability has always been one of the main concerns of the public. Often falling under common law, tort law or both, public liability claims can arise out of unfair or unjust practices when it comes to auditing a companys financial standing (Lambe, 2007). The auditors can be held liable for approving a fraudulent account on behalf of a business organisation. Auditor liability, or failure to detect and report illegal manipulations of financial statements, could lead to serious damages for the shareholders of the company (Schaefer, 2004). In most cases, a fraudulent act exists when one or more auditors, on behalf of a company, approve inaccurate accounting for the reason of tax evasion or to strategically register for an Initial Public Offering (IPO). To prevent moral hazard associated with auditor liability, the British Serious Fraud Office has imposed heavy penalties on swindlers and white collar criminals in order to shut down or suspend suspicious businesses (Country Updates, 1997). On the other hand, auditors who are found guilty of professional negligence may end up facing a monetary loss or penalty through punitive fines and/or the confiscation of their licence to practise in the United Kingdom. According to Priddy (2011, p. 59), as stated by Michael Power of the London School of Economics, it was not reasonable to expect auditors to be challenging business models and raising strategic issues with finance directors, because that was not their job and if we want it to be their job, then things would have to change quite substantially à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The direction of my comment is that we might be expecting too much from this black box [External Audit] in terms of what it actually delivers. In response to Powers statement, this report will first discuss the roles and responsibilities of external auditors and then provide a brief overview of corporate governance. In line with this, there is a strong need to go through some business theories and concepts that will enable readers to have a better understanding of how businesses function in the corporate world. Based on the individual offices and duties of shareholders, internal and external auditors, the board of directors, and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), this report will explain the limitations of the roles and responsibilities of external auditors when it comes to detecting and controlling fraudulent business activities. Roles and Responsibilities of External Auditors External auditors are professionals who are hired to conduct audits based on the rules or laws on creating financial statements for the government, a private company, or a legal organisation (The Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011). According to Kwok (2005, pp. 151-161), accounting irregularities can be made for the purpose of tax evasion or theft, for instance, creating ghost employees, skimming from the proceeds, or stealing an asset. Specifically in the United Kingdom, Chartered Accountants and Certified General Accountants are the groups of individuals who are qualified to conduct external auditing. According to Poorter (2008), auditors practising within the United Kingdom have to perform a special duty of care towards a liable third party. This means that external auditors are made responsible for the fair, just and reasonable treatment of the companys external shareholders. In case of a binding contract between the company and its shareholders, it is a general rule for the external auditor(s) to fulfil his or her statutory duty as an auditor to shareholders collectively. As a standard operating procedure, external auditors are expected to evaluate the financial statement of an organisation on a yearly basis (Hicks and Goo 2008, p. 261). Upon going through the financial statement of a government, a private company, or a legal organisation, external auditors are expected to come up with a professional opinion regarding the financial statement presented to them by the organisation (Kwok 2005, p. 178). Correspondingly, external audit committees are expected to determine whether the accountants are able to adapt along with generally accepted accounting principles or whether they have made appropriate judgments, estimates, and complete disclosures in the financial statements (Hicks and Goo 2008, p. 259; Kwok 2005, p. 178). Given that the external auditors find something inappropriate in the presented financial statement, they should report their complaints to the company to allow the board of directors to review. As part of protecting the company and its shareholders, external auditors are expected to determine any possible damages that could result from the company owners major business decisions. Considering that external auditors are liable to both the company for which they work and the shareholders of the company as a third party, external auditors should avoid coming up with a biased judgment by making use of their best professional knowledge to protect the interests of everyone involved. Although internal and external auditors technically have the same roles and responsibilities when it comes to auditing a financial statement, an important difference between the two is that an external auditor is an independent party outside the organisation being audited (The Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011). Another difference between internal and external auditors is that the general public, large groups of investors, and government agencies have the tendency to rely more on the audit report coming from the external auditors than the report presented to them by the internal auditors. Brief Overview with regards to Corporate Governance According to Colley et al. (2005), corporate governance refers to a system of authoritative direction or government which carefully examines the individual roles and responsibilities of the business owners, the shareholders, the board of directors (executive and non-executive), the CEO, and accountants. Since corporate governance is composed of both neutral and objective corporate values (Solomon 2007, p. 4; Haller and Shore 2005, p. 18), a lot of people consider good corporate governance as an acceptable model of business ethics and a moral duty on the part of a corporations executives and board of directors. Board of Directors Aguilera et al. (2008) revealed that corporate governance is often considered as the basis for making policy for a business organisation in relation to the actual structure of the board, the activism of the shareholders, and overall business performance. With regards to organisational policies and procedures, the board of directors within a business organisation has a significant role to play when it comes to successfully implementing corporate governance (Nordberg, 2007; Kim and Nofsinger 2006, p. 41). For this reason, the members of the board are required not only to carefully analyse the corporate financial report, but also to meet regularly to discuss the proposed strategic plans and issues that will significantly affect the success of the business (Solomon 2007, p. 103). Executive and Non-Executive Directors The board of directors is composed of executive and non-executive directors. As part of strengthening corporate governance, the companys board of directors is given responsibility for making important decisions in the best interests of the company and its shareholders (Mallin 2007, p. 125). Aside from determining corporate goals, developing strategic plans that will enable the business to meet those corporate goals, and implementing organisational policies to meet the businesss objectives (Mallin 2007, p. 124; Kim and Nofsinger 2006, p. 41), the board of directors is responsible for controlling operations, making decisions for resource acquisitions, and driving improvements in the quality of service (Carpenter, 1988; Pfeffer and Salancik, 1978). Since not all of the members of the board are directly or actively engaged in the daily business operations of a company, readers should be aware of some crucial distinctions between the roles and responsibilities of executive and non-executive directors with regards to corporate governance. It is common business knowledge that the executive directors are the ones who are directly involved in the daily business transactions that occur within and outside of the company, whereas the non-executive or outside directors are not. Despite the differences between the responsibilities of executive and non-executive directors, the Commission has publicly announced under the Action Plan Modernisation of company law and enhancing corporate governance in the European Union that all of the board of directors (regardless of whether they are executive or non-executive) should at all times ensure their collective responsibility when it comes to monitoring the financial and non-financial information behind the corporation (Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, 2003). Unlike the non-executive directors, the executive board of directors can easily access valuable business information such as corporate financial statements. By accessing this information, executive directors are able to examine company records on daily sales and expenses and other major business transactions like public shares, loans and investments. In the process of going through the companys financial statements, executive shareholders should be on the lookout for any signs of unusual business activity that could adversely affect the long-term operation of the business. Similar to the role of executive directors in corporate governance, it is the role and responsibility of the non-executive directors to reduce conflicting interests between the actual shareholders, the executive board of directors, and the management team who works behind the company (Solomon 2007, p. 82 and 92). For this reason, Waldo (1985, p. 5) strongly suggests that the best way for the executive and non-executive directors to perform their duty effectively is to actually go through the companys business information, including the corporate financial statement. Even though the non-executive directors are inactive in terms of monitoring the daily operations of a company, several studies revealed that the non-executive directors are expected to strictly and regularly monitor the progress of the overall business, its legal and ethical performance, strategic choices and implementation techniques used by the top management, including the appointing or removal of the members of the senior management aside from giving the rest of the board members some advice with regards to the strategies used in enabling the company reach the corporate goals and business objectives (Solomon 2007, p. 82; Carpenter, 1988)  [1]  . By closely monitoring the daily activities of the companys executive directors, the non-executive directors should make the executive directors accountable for the companys shareholders and external investors (Mallin 2007, p. 132; Solomon 2007, p. 88; Fama and Jensen, 1983). Solomon (2007, p. 86) revealed that there is a link between the role of non-executive directors and the role of institutional investors in the sense that the non-executive directors effort in ensuring that the business is free from any forms of corruption could somehow protect the socio-economic welfare of the companys public investors. Several authors suggest that the non-executive board of directors is strongly encouraged to actively participate in the board meetings with the rest of the directors and shareholders to protect the interests of the public investors (Mallin 2007, p. 125; Solomon 2007, pp. 86-88). Roles and Responsibilities of Accountants In general, accountants are not only made responsible for producing an accurate, true, and fair financial statement that not only enables the senior managers to make important business decisions, but also give the public stockholders the privilege of accurately monitoring their investments in the company. Because corporate accountants maintain accurate and transparent financial accounting information at all times, accountants play one of the few most important roles in the development of effective corporate governance. To ensure that the company is able to come up with an accurate corporate financial statement, the business organisation should hire internal and external auditors who are qualified in monitoring fair and true financial values. Discussion Romano (1996) explained that the shareholders have the authoritative power to influence the manifestations of legal and/or illegal business transactions. Given that most of the corporate shareholders are the business owners, these individuals are the ones who are in the position to select and elect their preferred members to the board for the purpose of managing the business affairs. On the other hand, it is the board of directors who appoint, hire, and delegate specific roles and responsibility to a selected CEO. In a normal business setting, it is the CEO who is in charge of managing the actual business operations. For this reason, the CEO is often made accountable not only to the business owners but also to the board of directors. Upon analysing the corporate structure that is commonly used in large-scale companies, it is often the business owners together with the voluntary participation of the executive directors, the CEO, and the accounting manager who have the authoritative power to manipulate the companys official business documents. By going through the corporate financial statement, the non-executive board of directors should search for any signs of unusual business activities that could create serious consequences for the company. To prevent coming up with a biased judgment, the non-executive board of directors should consult with the internal or external auditors regarding any signs of unusual business transactions. Due to the flow of authoritative power within a business organisation, it is possible on the part of the shareholders, the members of the board, and the CEO to enter into business collusion with the business owners. By engaging the cooperation of accountants, business owners and corporate leaders may easily manipulate corporate financial records at the expense of the stakeholders and external shareholders. According to Becht, Jekinson and Mayer (2005), collusion among corporate leaders makes corporate governance one of the most controversial topics related to business and finance. Cassill and Hill (2007) explained that according to the principles of corporate governance, by voting on major financial decisions, the board of directors is made responsible for ensuring a balance between the business owners monetary interests and actual profit-sharing with the companys employees and the rest of the other stakeholders. Several authors agree that corporate governance should be based on neutral and objective corporate values (Solomon 2007, p. 4; Haller and Shore 2005, p. 18). Since there is plenty of opportunity for the business owners to manipulate the board of directors to support their own personal interests, the concept of corporate governance can easily be violated at the expense of the majority of employees and public investors. A corrupt business culture is one that not only does not balk at accepting bribery, but may also be open to the practise of illegal offshore financing or the intentional manipulation of the actual financial statement (Dine, 2008). Within a business organisation, the board of directors and executives are among the few individuals typically behind the practise and development of a corrupt culture. For this reason, Dine (2008) revealed that European corporate law, following the UK model of corporate governance, is focused on investigating shareholders and the board of directors. Two good examples of real-world scenarios in the history of finance are the cases of WorldCom and Enron. In the case of WorldCom, its board of directors failed to fulfil their duty in terms of closely monitoring the executives management activities (Monks and Minom 2004, p. 509). This made them unable to protect the interests of their stakeholders. In the case of Enron, a total of 18 directors, including the CFO, ex-CEO, chief accounting officer and chief risk officer, voluntarily participated in the CEOs decision to manipulate the companys financial statement (Kim and Nofsinger 2006, pp. 52-53; Davis, 2005; CNN Money, 2004). Limitations in the Roles and Responsibilities of External Auditors when it comes to Detecting and Controlling Fraud Activities in Business Although the general public, government agencies, and a large number of investors rely heavily on the audit reports coming from the external auditors, there are still some limitations with regards to what the external auditors can do in detecting and controlling fraud activities that could happen within a profit or non-profit organisations. Hicks and Goo (2008, p. 258) explained that it is the managements responsibility to prepare complete and accurate financial statements and disclosures in accordance with the financial reporting standards and applicable rules and regulations. Therefore, it is wrong to believe that the external auditors are solely responsible for preventing the incidence of financial fraud. As stated by Kwok (2005, p. 168), an audit does not guarantee the detection of all material misstatements because of such factors as the use of judgment, the use of sample testing, the inherent limitations of internal control, and the fact that much of the evidence available to the auditors is persuasive rather than conclusive in nature. Since external auditors are auditing financial statements that are presented to them by the corporate accountants, it is expected that external auditors could only provide the general public, investors, and government agencies with a reasonable assurance that the audited financial statements are free of misstatements, alteration of the accounting records, honest accounting errors, or falsification of the financial statements. Based on the Courts decision in the case of Caparo (Richards, 2004), in the absence of any contract between the auditor(s) and either the investor, a potential investor, or any other third party involved, no duty of care will be owed.  [2]  Despite the external auditors responsibility to double check the accuracy of a companys financial statements, external auditors who work for a public company owe no duty of care outside the existing shareholders who purchase stocks in reliance on a statutory audit. It simply means that the external auditors can only be held liable to investors, potential investors, or any other third party involved only if there is a written contract stating that the external auditor owes them duty of care. In fact, external auditor(s) who are held liable for pure economic loss are considered as a case of simple negligence under contract law. Schaefer (2004) explained that the case is different when the auditor(s) are being judged based on tort law because tor t law does not include a pure economic loss as a negligent act. Considering the difference between a contract law and a tort law, external auditor(s) who are found guilty of negligence will be held responsible and will be obliged to pay for the victims loss. In case an external auditor violates any of the auditing guidelines and is found guilty, the accused external auditor(s) will not be held responsible to compensate the victims loss because of the fact that tort law excludes liability of a pure economic loss. In other words, the victim of a wrong audit can demand a claim against those people guilty of the wrong audit under a contract law (Ewert, 1999). Given that the general public can prove that both external auditor(s) and the managers of the company colluded against the outside stakeholders, the stakeholders of a given company can demand a claim against both the parties involved. Even though external auditors can be held liable for negligence and misconduct, there is still a limit as to whether an auditor can be held liable for a misconduct or not. For example, in case an external auditor has not provided the actual report to the company he works for, any law suit filed during the time frame wherein the external auditor has not yet submitted his final report will not be considered punishable by the Court, because technically there is no duty of care that exists between the company and the external auditor(s) (Poorter 2008, p. 70).  [3]  In other words, the duty of care between an external auditor(s), the company, and the shareholders of the company will only exist when the external auditor has already submitted his final report to his client, the company. Basically, the extent of auditor liability will depend on the Court judgment and the degree of damages caused by the act of negligence that has occurred in the process. In line with this, it is possible for an act of negligence to occur when the external auditor(s) and the owner or manager of the company agree to underestimate the actual revenue of the company in order to pay lower taxes to the government; or both parties may agree to overvalue the company in order to be able to get a better price when selling the companys shares to the public. Since there are different ways in which auditor liability may occur, the Court will be responsible for the investigation behind the said act of negligence. According to Schaefer (2004, p. 9), external auditor(s) with a binding contract towards the third party involved should not be held responsible for the loss that may occur in the purchase of stocks as long as the auditors did not take any actions that could trigger the decline in the stocks value. Therefore, external auditor(s) who did not manipulate the value of stocks are free from being held responsible in case the value of stocks depreciated. Rather than considering the loss of a public investor as a result of negligence on the part of the external auditors, the public investors are expected to be responsible enough to study the market first before they invest their money in the stock market. In case the general public is able to prove that external auditors were behind the manipulation of stock prices in such a way that they depreciated over time, then the Court has the option to make the company, including those people who were directly involved in the process of the fraudulent act, partially liable for the victims monetary losses. However, if a buyer was able to sell his share of stocks at an overvalued price for the reason that the internal and external auditors were not able to accurately detect the true market value of the companys stocks, the person who bought the overpriced stocks will have to compensate for the loss simply because it was the buyers decision to purchase an overpriced share of stocks. Conclusion The personal obligations of external auditors to the general public or public investors is limited for the reason that the roles and responsibility of the external auditors are limited in terms of determining whether the accountants were able to present the financial statement based on the rules or laws accepted for the development of financial statements for the government, a private company, or a legal organisation. Likewise, external auditors are also made responsible for detecting any potential accounting irregularities made for the purpose of tax evasion or theft by the creation of ghost employees, skimming of the proceeds, or theft of an asset. Under the principles of corporate governance, the board of directors (executive and non-executive directors), the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and the accountants have different roles and responsibilities in protecting the socio-economic welfare of the corporate stakeholders, including public investors. In case of a fraud scandal, it would be a misconception to put the blame purely on external auditors, since the board of directors (executive and non-executive directors), the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and the accountants share responsibility in protecting the socio-economic welfare of the corporate stakeholders, including public investors.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Looking at a Growing City :: essays papers

Looking at a Growing City In her lecture, Ms. Gretchen Schneider gave an in depth study of the changing uses of space in the development of the city of Boston. Her study involved a look at the history and land of the city and how they informed the decisions made regarding development and change in the city. In Jack Ahern’s lecture, he discussed landscape scenarios, which included a look at the different spatial concepts of landscape planning. Both lectures included information that could be extracted and applied when analyzing the development of any city. In this paper, I will be applying the ideas they presented in my own brief analysis of the development of my hometown, Nashua, NH. Nashua, New Hampshire is a small city of 175,000 people that lies on the border of Massachusetts. It began as an Indian fishing village along the Nashua River and with time and the construction of the Daniel Webster (Main) street, it grew to be a small factory town. Around the civil war times, Main Street became the main retail district as it was close to the textile factories that ran along the river. Small neighborhoods developed at either end of Main Street along with a railroad station west of the center of town. At this stage of Nashua’s development, it most closely resembled a contained interdigitation. The community and buildings were located in the central part of town, with a few neighborhoods that ran outside the boundaries. By about 1900, the city had begun to expand in all four directions, still fairly contained by the wilderness and the outskirts still resembled the interdigitation. BY the 1940, main other main roads were built, stemming from Main Street, and there was a great expansion, and the fingers of the interdigitation grew long, stretching into more of the wild land. Owners of the farms near town sold their land and moved to these areas on the western part of town, cleared the woods and built them selves huge farms and orchards. The neighborhoods north and south of the town got larger and expanded to east some. The growth of the city was becoming fast and town officials decided to begin claiming public grounds and building parks. It was at this time that Greeley Park was built that contained about a square quarter mile of land and Holman stadium was built at the northern part of town.